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United Arab Emirates (2005)

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United Arab Emirates 2005 year

 United Arab Emirates
Administrative divisions 7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn
Age structure 0-14 years: 25.3% (male 331,269; female 317,977)


15-64 years: 71.1% (male 1,115,826; female 707,058)


65 years and over: 3.6% (male 66,404; female 24,678) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish
Airports 35 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 22


over 3,047 m: 8


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 13


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Area total: 82,880 sq km


land: 82,880 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maine
Background The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of these states - Abu Zaby, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn - merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE's per capita GDP is on par with those of leading West European nations. Its generosity with oil revenues and its moderate foreign policy stance have allowed the UAE to play a vital role in the affairs of the region.
Birth rate 18.78 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues: $23.68 billion


expenditures: $25.45 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.4 billion (2004 est.)
Capital Abu Dhabi
Climate desert; cooler in eastern mountains
Coastline 1,318 km
Constitution 2 December 1971 (made permanent in 1996)
Country name conventional long form: United Arab Emirates


conventional short form: none


local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah


local short form: none


former: Trucial Oman, Trucial States


abbreviation: UAE
Death rate 4.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $5.9 billion (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Michele SISON


embassy: Embassies District, Plot 38 Sector W59-02, Street No. 4, Abu Dhabi


mailing address: P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi


telephone: [971] (2) 414-2200


FAX: [971] (2) 414-2469


consulate(s) general: Dubai
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Asri Said Ahmad al-DHAHIRI


chancery: 3522 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 243-2400


FAX: [1] (202) 243-2432


note: consulates in New York and Houston
Disputes - international because the treaties have not been made public, the exact alignment of the boundary with Saudi Arabia is still unknown; boundary agreement was signed and ratified with Oman in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves, but contents of the agreement and maps showing the alignment have not been published; UAE engage in direct talks and solicit Arab League support to resolve disputes over Iran's occupation of Lesser and Greater Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island
Economic aid - donor since its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries (2004)
Economy - overview The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Its wealth is based on oil and gas output (about 30% of GDP), and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices of those commodities. Since the discovery of oil in the UAE more than 30 years ago, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. At present levels of production, oil and gas reserves should last for more than 100 years. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up its utilities to greater private sector involvement. In April 2004, the UAE signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) with Washington and in November 2004 agreed to undertake negotiations toward a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US.
Electricity - consumption 36.51 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2004)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2004)
Electricity - production 45.12 billion kWh (2004)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m


highest point: Jabal Yibir 1,527 m
Environment - current issues lack of natural freshwater resources compensated by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups Emirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982)


note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)
Exchange rates Emirati dirhams per US dollar - 3.6725 (2004), 3.6725 (2003), 3.6725 (2002), 3.6725 (2001), 3.6725 (2000)


note: officially pegged to the US dollar since February 2002
Executive branch chief of state: President Sheikh KHALIFA bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November 2004), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004) and Vice President MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy (Dubai)


head of government: Prime Minister MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy (Dubai); Deputy Prime Minister SULTAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990); Deputy Prime Minister HAMDAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 October 2003)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the seven emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets four times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power


elections: president and vice president elected by the Federal Supreme Council (composed of rulers of the seven emirates) for five-year terms; election last held 3 November 2004 upon the death of the UAE's Founding Father and first President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (next to be held 2009); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Sheikh KHALIFA bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan elected president by a unanimous vote of the FSC; MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum unanimously reaffirmed vice president
Exports 0 kWh (2004)
Exports $69.48 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Exports 7.19 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Exports 2.5 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Exports - commodities crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates
Exports - partners Japan 24.9%, South Korea 9.9%, India 5.4%, Thailand 5.2% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 4%


industry: 58.5%


services: 37.5% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $25,200 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.7% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 24 00 N, 54 00 E
Geography - note strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil
Heliports 2 (2004 est.)
Highways total: 1,088 km


paved: 1,088 km (including 253 km of expressways)


unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs the UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity to southwest Asian drug producing countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls improving
Imports 0 kWh (2004)
Imports $45.66 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Imports 0 cu m (2003 est.)
Imports 0 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food
Imports - partners China 10%, India 9.8%, Japan 6.8%, Germany 6.5%, UK 6.2%, France 6.1%, US 6% (2004)
Independence 2 December 1971 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 4% (2000)
Industries petroleum, fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, petrochemicals, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles
Infant mortality rate total: 14.51 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 17.05 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 11.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.2% (2004 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land 720 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Labor force 2.36 million


note: 73.9% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 7%, industry 15%, services 78% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 867 km


border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km
Land use arable land: 0.6%


permanent crops: 2.25%


other: 97.15% (2001)
Languages Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
Legal system federal court system introduced in 1971; applies to all emirates except Dubayy (Dubai) and Ra's al Khaymah, which are not fully integrated into the federal system; all emirates have secular courts to adjudicate criminal, civil, and commercial matters and Islamic courts to review family and religious disputes
Legislative branch unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; members appointed by the rulers of the constituent states to serve two-year terms)


elections: none


note: reviews legislation, but cannot change or veto
Life expectancy at birth total population: 75.24 years


male: 72.73 years


female: 77.87 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 77.9%


male: 76.1%


female: 81.7% (2003 est.)
Location Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
Map references Middle East
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Merchant marine total: 56 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 578,477 GRT/739,823 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 11, chemical tanker 5, container 6, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 21, roll on/roll off 7


foreign-owned: 14 (Greece 2, Kuwait 6)


registered in other countries: 200 (2005)
Military branches Army, Navy (includes Marines and Coast Guard), Air and Air Defense Force, paramilitary forces (includes Federal Police Force)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.6 billion (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3.1% (FY00)
National holiday Independence Day, 2 December (1971)
Nationality noun: Emirati(s)


adjective: Emirati
Natural hazards frequent sand and dust storms
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas
Net migration rate 0.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines condensate 469 km; gas 2,655 km; liquid petroleum gas 300 km; oil 2,936 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders none
Political pressure groups and leaders NA
Population 2,563,212


note: includes an estimated 1,606,079 non-nationals; the 17 December 1995 census presents a total population figure of 2,377,453, and there are estimates of 3.44 million for 2002 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA
Population growth rate 1.54% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Al Fujayrah, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal 'Ali, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid, Sharjan
Radio broadcast stations AM 13, FM 8, shortwave 2 (2004)
Religions Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.58 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 2.691 male(s)/female


total population: 1.442 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage none
Telephone system general assessment: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubai


domestic: microwave radio relay, fiber optic and coaxial cable


international: country code - 971; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia
Telephones - main lines in use 1,135,800 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,972,300 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 15 (2004)
Terrain flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east
Total fertility rate 2.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 2.4% (2001)
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